New Boston is a city in Bowie County, Texas, in the piney woods of northeast Texas, near the Arkansas and Oklahoma borders. It lies southwest of Texarkana and is part of the Texarkana metropolitan statistical area. The city's population was 4,612 at the 2020 census, making it one of the larger communities in the county after Texarkana itself. The city has an unusual role in county government. Bowie County's legal county seat is Boston, a small community just south of New Boston, but the county courthouse is located in New Boston, where a courthouse annex and county offices operate. This arrangement reflects a local naming quirk: the county has three communities bearing the Boston name — New Boston, Boston, and Old Boston. New Boston's economy is anchored by Red River Army Depot, a large U.S. Army logistics and maintenance facility whose headquarters carries a New Boston address, along with agriculture, timber, and small business. The depot and the wider Texarkana employment market shape the area's workforce. The city operates its own school district, New Boston ISD, and serves as a commercial and civic center for southern Bowie County. Nearby Wright Patman Lake, a 30,000-acre reservoir in the piney woods, provides fishing, boating, and camping, and the community hosts the annual Frontier Days festival. The T&P Trailhead Park connects New Boston to the Northeast Texas Trail, a long-distance rail-trail corridor. For residents, New Boston offers a small-city pace with lake access, a defense-oriented employment base, and convenient proximity to the larger amenities of Texarkana, about twenty miles to the north.